http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1446602&blobtype=pdf

Multilevel models do allow us to examine the question of which subpopulations show an effect of income inequality on health. Many hypotheses are possible. For example, one could argue that we should only expect those who are most marginalized and vulnerable to suffer. Alternatively, one could argue that the cost of deep economic divides is spread across the population through increased levels of crime and decreased commitment to the "commons." Although it is still too early to come to a definitive conclusion, the general pattern of results is not consistent with the latter scenario. (Sign-in is necessary for full-text)