http://www.pantaneto.co.uk/issue10/leydesdorff.htm

The knowledge infrastructure of an economy can be viewed in terms of the networked relations among universities, industries, and governmental agencies. While both the links and the nodes of the networks can be measured by using various indicators (e.g., patents, hyperlinks, citations), the knowledge base can be considered as a result of the interacting fluxes of communications through these networks. This article provides a state-of-the-art review of the indicators used for these measurements in science and technology studies from the perspective of developing indicators for knowledge-based innovations. (Au)